Unix cheat sheet.
See https://ss64.com/bash/ for a more comprehensive listing.
pwd |
Display the name of the current working directory. |
ls |
List the content of the current directory. |
ls [path] |
List the content of the specified directory. |
ls -l |
List the content of the current directory with additional information. |
ls -a |
List all files including hidden files beginning with ‘.’ (i.e. dotfiles). |
cd [path] |
Change the current directory to [path]. |
cd .. |
Change to parent directory (note the space between ‘cd’ and ‘..’). |
cd / |
Change to root directory (note the space between ‘cd’ and ‘/’). |
cd ~ |
Change to home directory (determined by $HOME environment variable). |
mkdir [name] |
Create the directory [name] in the current working directory. |
rmdir [name] |
Remove the empty directory [name] from the current working directory. |
rm [name] |
Remove the specified file. |
rm * |
Remove all the files from the current working directory. |
rm -r * |
Remove all the files and directories from the current working directory. |
cp [from] [to] |
Copy a file from source [from] to destination [to]. |
cp -r [from] [to] |
Copy everything including directories from source [from] to destination [to]. |
mv [from] [to] |
Move a file from source [from] to destination [to]. |
mv -r [from] [to] |
Move everything including directories from source [from] to destination [to]. |
find |
Search for files matching certain patterns. |
sudo [command] |
Superuser do. Execute [command] with elevated privileges. Allows you to do things you are not entitled to. Common examples include: |
sudo raspi-config |
Launch the Raspberry Pi configuration tool. |
sudo reboot |
Safely restart your system. |
sudo shutdown -h now |
Safely shutdown your system now. |
sudo apt-get install [package] |
Install a package. |
sudo apt-get update |
Update the list of packages without installing anything. |
sudo apt-get upgrade |
Upgrade the installed packages to the versions obtained with ‘apt-get update’ |
sudo chown pi:root [name] |
Change the owner of [name] to ‘pi’ and set the group to ‘root’. |
sudo su |
Become Superuser for more than one command. |
sudo ku |
Undocumented. |
cat [name] |
Show the contents of a file. |
head [name] |
Show the beginning of a file. |
tail [name] |
Show the end of a file. |
chmod [who][+,-,=][permissions] [name] |
Change the permissions for a file. |
chmod u+x [name] |
Add execute permission for the owner of the file. Run the file with ./filename |
chmod 777 [name] |
Allow every user to read, write and execute the file [name]. |
tar -cvzf [name] [path] |
Create compressed file [name] from the contents in [path]. |
tar -xvzf [name] |
Extract the contents of a compressed file. |
wget [uri] |
Download a file from the Internet. |
man [command] |
Show the manual page for a command. |
man man |
View the manual page of the ‘man’ command. |
grep ‘string’ [name] |
Search inside one or more files for occurrences of ‘string’. |